Nanotechnology in the field of pediatric dentistry offers innovative solutions to challenges. In this literature review, the nanomaterials application in dentistry, addressing critical concerns, such as toxicity and regulatory hurdles, is discussed. Also, the unique physicochemical properties of nanomaterials, including size, biocompatibility, and drug delivery capabilities are explored. The safety and efficacy of nanoscale therapeutics were found to be critical before their use in pediatric dentistry. Polymer-based drug delivery systems, especially those using natural polysaccharides, demonstrate great potential in addressing prevalent dental issues in children. These systems can perform targeted therapy, reduce drug dosages, and minimize side effects, making them especially beneficial for children. In addition, in this literature review, the future of personalized pediatric dental treatments is explored. While the advantages of applying nanotechnology in the field of pediatric dentistry are readily apparent, ongoing research should be performed to maximize its advantages and address its potential challenges.