A fundamental goal of rehabilitation is to facilitate recovery and promote individuals’ adjustment to their impairments, activity limitations and role changes (Wilson and Gracey 2009). Adjustment can be understood as the process of making sense of, coming to terms with and adapting to changes in functioning (typically loss of function) following the onset of an injury or illness. The process of adjustment is likely to differ considerably between adults and children with an acquired disorder. A disorder with childhood onset typically disrupts skills that are developing or those yet to be developed, while a disorder during adulthood leads to a loss of function that may be progressive or non-progressive in nature (Kolb and Whishaw 2003). Due to the broad scope of health conditions to which an individual may adjust, this article focuses on neurological disorders that occur during adulthood with particular emphasis on brain injury. Adjustment in this context typically relates to impaired function, activity restrictions and altered lifestyle circumstances including socioeconomic changes. The stressors faced are often chronic in nature as individuals consistently attempt to cope with and adjust to the effects and implications of their condition.