This chapter explores the question of Islam in diaspora from a time-space perspective, specifically the interpretations and manifestations of Islam among Muslims who today reside outside of the classical Dar al-Islam or lands under Muslim rule, in non-Muslim-ruled liberal, democratic, “Western” nation-states. The chapter begins with a discussion of the scholarly literature on the Islamic and Muslim diaspora, including classical Islamic thought on Muslims residing in non-Muslim lands. It then presents findings from the 2019 Islam in Australia survey (Rane et al. 2020), which is the most recent and comprehensive examination of how a Western Muslim population identifies with, understands, interprets and expresses Islam. These findings are discussed in relation to other studies of Islam and diaspora Muslim populations in Europe and North America. Against a backdrop of growing opposition to Islamist politics in the broader Muslim world as well as Islamophobia and securitization in the West, this chapter offers a nuanced perspective in relation to discourses that link Muslims in the West to national security concerns. Islam in diaspora shows a liberal, progressive understanding of the faith, based on a preference for Islamic ethics over law, derived from a contextual and maqasid-oriented reading/ interpretation of the Qur’an and Sunna , that seeks peaceful, respectful coexistence with nonMuslims and is conducive to the Western/Australian sociopolitical context.