A systematic review of effort-reward imbalance among health workers
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Le, Dinh Mai
Nguyen, Thanh Van
Nguyen, Ngoc Dung
Ngoc, Ahn Tran Thi
Nguyen, The Phuong
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Abstract
The purpose of this article is to systematically collate effort-reward imbalance (ERI) rates among health workers internationally and to assess gender differences. The effort-reward (ER) ratio ranges quite widely from 0.47 up to 1.32 and the ERI rate from 3.5% to 80.7%. Many studies suggested that health workers contribute more than they are rewarded, especially in Japan, Vietnam, Greece, and Germany—with ERI rates of 57.1%, 32.3%, 80.7%, and 22.8% to 27.6%, respectively. Institutions can utilize systems such as the new appraisal and reward system, which is based on performance rather than the traditional system, seniority, which creates a more competitive working climate and generates insecurity. Additionally, an increased workload and short stay patients are realities for workers in a health care environment, while the structure of human resources for health care remains inadequate. Gender differences within the ER ratio can be explained by the continued impact of traditional gender roles on attitudes and motivations that place more pressure to succeed for men rather than for women. This systematic review provides some valued evidence for public health strategies to improve the ER balance among health workers in general as well as between genders in particular. An innovative approach for managing human resources for health care is necessary to motivate and value contributions made by health workers.
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International Journal of Health Planning and Management
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33
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3
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© 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: A systematic review of effort-reward imbalance among health workers, International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 33 (3), pp. e674-e695, 2018, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.2541. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited.
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Public health
Health services and systems
Health policy
Science & Technology
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Health Policy & Services
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Health Care Sciences & Services
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Nguyen, VH; Le, DM; Nguyen, VT; Nguyen, ND; Ngoc, ATT; Nguyen, TP, A systematic review of effort-reward imbalance among health workers, International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 2018, 33 (3), pp. e674-e695