Background Nurses and midwives, as the primary advocates for hospitalised neonates who may experience pain, must comprehensively understand neonatal pain and ensure appropriate pain interventions are provided. However, limited attention has been paid to neonatal pain management education, both at an undergraduate and postgraduate level for Thai clinicians. Tailored education that improves clinicians’ competence in neonatal pain management is needed to deliver optimal care to this vulnerable group. This paper reports on the development of an online educational program to enhance Thai neonatal intensive and special care units (NICU/NSCU) nurses’ and midwives’ competence regarding neonatal pain management. Methods To identify their educational needs, nurses and midwives participated in an online survey (n=68) and semistructured interviews (n=12) using a convergent mixed-method design. The two sets of data were analysed separately (qualitative data used an inductive thematic analysis, while quantitative data employed descriptive statistics) and were then integrated to inform the development of the online educational program. Findings The total mean knowledge score indicated a high level of knowledge about neonatal pain, a slightly high level of attitudes towards neonatal pain assessment, and a moderate level of perceived self-competence regarding managing neonatal pain. Thematic analysis revealed participants’ primary learning needs were related to fundamental neonatal pain concepts, and nursing roles and responsibilities. Virtual educational programs and diverse active learning approaches with flexible delivery were identified as meriting inclusion in the program’s design and implementation. Conclusions Responding to participant needs and preferences potentially improves the program’s effectiveness. Future educational interventions should target those identified areas to enhance Thai clinicians’ competence in providing optimal neonatal pain care.