This cross-cultural study investigates whether religiosity assessed in three dimensions has a protective effect against attempted suicide. Community controls (n쵴84) were more likely than suicide attempters (n첸19) to report religious denomination in Estonia (OR찮5) and subjective religiosity in four countries: Brazil (OR찮2), Estonia (OR찮5), Islamic Republic of Iran (OR찮6), and Sri Lanka (OR찮4). In South Africa, the effect was exceptional both for religious denomination (OR쵮9) and subjective religiosity (OR첮7). No effects were found in India and Vietnam. Organizational religiosity gave controversial results. In particular, subjective religiosity (considering him=herself as religious person) may serve as a protective factor against non-fatal suicidal behavior in some cultures.