Basal and squamous cell carcinoma risks for golfers: An assessment of the influence of tee time for latitudes in the Northern and Southern hemispheres

No Thumbnail Available
File version
Author(s)
Downs, Nathan
Parisi, Alfio
Schouten, Peter
Griffith University Author(s)
Primary Supervisor
Other Supervisors
Editor(s)
Date
2011
Size
File type(s)
Location
License
Abstract

This study investigates the influence of tee time to determine the relative basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) risk for weekly single round competition golfers located in the Northern and Southern latitude ranges between 25 , 35 , 45 and 55 . A comparative risk methodology, employing annual erythemally effective ultraviolet (UVE) exposure calculations was used to determine BCC and SCC risk factors for golfers using a regular weekly tee time. Relative risk was found to be proportional to golf tee time with mid morning tee times generally presenting the greatest risk in each latitude range. The greatest contribution toward the risk of developing basal and squamous cell carcinoma was found to occur for golfers beginning weekly rounds mid to late morning, with specific risk factors of 1.47 (BCC) and 1.98 (SCC) in the Northern hemisphere compared with similar maximum risk factors of 1.51 (BCC) and 2.08 (SCC) in the Southern hemisphere occurring at comparable morning tee times. Differences in annual UVE exposure between the golfer and non-golfer were the largest determinant of BCC and SCC risk. Generally, these risks were found to decrease with lower latitude although contribution toward overall risk was influenced strongly by the global time zone of each studied golf course site.

Journal Title

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, B: Biology

Conference Title
Book Title
Edition
Volume

105

Issue
Thesis Type
Degree Program
School
Publisher link
Patent number
Funder(s)
Grant identifier(s)
Rights Statement
Rights Statement
Item Access Status
Note
Access the data
Related item(s)
Subject

Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified

Other Physical Sciences

Biochemistry and Cell Biology

Persistent link to this record
Citation
Collections