Branched polyaniline nanofibers with average diameter of 115 nm and curly polyaniline nanowires with average diameter of 75 nm were successfully synthesized in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB), with HCl as the dopant acid and ammonium peroxydisulfate(APS) as oxidant. Their structure yields were 90% and nearly 100% and the conductivity were 1.6×10-2 S/cm and 9.3×10-2 S/cm, respectively. It was found that the polyaniline nanostructures were co-affected by both the concentration of HCl and the [An]/[CTAB] molar ratios. Furthermore, it could be concluded the induced|effect of the floccules formed by CTAB and S2O2-8 was the key factor to the generation of polyaniline one-dimensional nanostructures based on the observations of the growth processes of polyaniline nanowires.