This study investigated the factors that influence the research productivity of academics at one of the leading universities of Vietnam, which is anonymously named the Research-Oriented University (ROU). Exploring the impacts of three sets of possible influences – research environment, research motivation, and research behaviours – the study predicted that the interconnected relationships among environmental factors (individual academics and the institution), research motivational factors, and research behavioural factors ultimately influenced the research productivity of ROU’s academics. The study focused on two categories of research productivity outputs: 1) the total number of publishing outputs and 2) the total number of international refereed journal articles from 2009 to 2013.