Personalised treatments for acute whiplash injuries: A pilot study of nested N-of-1 trials in a multiple baseline single-case experimental design
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Tate, RL
Mitchell, G
Perdices, M
McGree, JM
Freeman, C
Jacob, S
Taing, MW
Sterling, M
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Abstract
Background: Whiplash associated disorder (WAD), a common and disabling condition, incurs huge burden and costs to Australia. Yet, current treatments for whiplash are not very effective; improved outcomes are urgently needed. Clinical guidelines recommend simple analgesia (paracetamol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) but there have been no trials of guideline-recommended drugs. This study will investigate the effectiveness of evidence-based advice (EBA), paracetamol, naproxen, and both paracetamol and naproxen, in reducing daily neck pain and preventing chronic neck pain after whiplash injury. Methods: This study is a pilot series of multi-cycle, double-blinded, randomised N-of-1 trials, nested in a multiple baseline design. The design will comprise three baselines of 5, 8 or 11 days duration. Post enrolment, participants will be randomly assigned to one of the baselines. Fifteen participants with acute (<2 weeks) Grade II WAD, experiencing at least moderate pain (NRS: ≥ 5/10), and at risk of poor recovery will be recruited from hospitals in Queensland, Australia, and through local physiotherapists. Patients will receive EBA plus a randomised sequence of three cycles of ten day treatment triplets (paracetamol designated as a C phase, naproxen, designated as a D phase, and both paracetamol and naproxen, designated as an E phase). Discussion: We will test the effects of different treatments on the primary outcome of average neck pain intensity collected daily and at 4 and 7 months post-injury. Secondary outcomes, including disability, depression, post-traumatic stress symptoms, pain catastrophizing, and feasibility of study procedures, will also be evaluated. The results of this study will inform a larger trial aiming to strengthen the evidence on EBA and simple analgesics for WAD. Trial registration: Clinical Trials Primary Registry: Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry. Clinical trial registration number: ACTRN12618001291279. Date of registration: 31/07/2018. Primary trial sponsor: The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia. Funding: The University of Queensland.
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Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications
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16
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© 2019 Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, providing that the work is properly cited.
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Nikles, J; Tate, RL; Mitchell, G; Perdices, M; McGree, JM; Freeman, C; Jacob, S; Taing, MW; Sterling, M, Personalised treatments for acute whiplash injuries: A pilot study of nested N-of-1 trials in a multiple baseline single-case experimental design, Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications, 2019, 16, pp. 100480: 1-100480: 10