The story of how the growing power and unclear intentions of the People's Republic of China (PRC) have brought about a remarkable rapprochement between the United States and India over the past 20 years is now well known. What is less well appreciated, Tanvi Madan argues, is the fact that China has long played a key role in shaping the relationship between the two states. For four decades, from the late 1940s until the late 1970s, the approaches Washington and New Delhi each employed for managing relations with the communist state alternately animated and burdened the ties they had with one another. Convergences of view energized bilateral diplomacy and grounded mutually reinforcing strategies; differences caused fallings out with much wider ramifications. Linkages abound, in other words, in a story of concord and dissonance, unintended consequences and miscalculation.