Climate change is widely recognised to have several significant impacts on agriculture. For example, changes in temperatures, average rainfall, and rainfall variability can prevent crops from growing and change planting and sowing times. These environmental changes also increase the potential for weed and pest infestations. Consequently, crop yield reductions have been extensively observed, and therefore, food security has been threatened. In addition, salinity intrusion, inundation, and erosion have been narrowing areas of arable land, and consequently, agricultural activities have been affected. Changes in the frequency and severity of extreme weather events have created further difficulties for agricultural practices and farmers’ livelihoods. Thus, an obvious need exists to enhance farmers’ ability and capacity to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change. In Vietnam, agriculture is a crucial economic sector; however, the country is one of the most vulnerable nations to the impacts of climate change, and therefore, its agricultural sector is likely to be adversely affected. Yet, scant research has examined how to enhance Vietnamese farmers’ adaptation capacity. Therefore, this research study investigated the adaptive behaviour of farmers in Vietnam’s Mekong Delta region and interpreted the multidimensional aspects affecting their land use and management practices. Guided by a systematic literature review and a conceptual framework, this study conducted questionnaire surveys with 183 farmers as well as semistructured interviews with 13 farmers and 8 officials working in communal and district governments. These farmers and officials were located in Binh Dai District in Ben Tre province. Descriptive statistics, binary logistic regression, and ordinal regression were used to analyse the questionnaire survey data, and thematic analysis was employed to analyse the interview data.