Therapeutic Potential of Targeting the Cytochrome P450 Enzymes Using Lopinavir/Ritonavir in Colorectal Cancer: A Study in Monolayers, Spheroids and In Vivo Models

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Alaei, Maryam
Nazari, Seyedeh Elnaz
Pourali, Ghazaleh
Asadnia, AliReza
Moetamani-Ahmadi, Mehrdad
Fiuji, Hamid
Tanzadehpanah, Hamid
Asgharzadeh, Fereshteh
Babaei, Fatemeh
Khojasteh-Leylakoohi, Fatemeh
Saeed Gataa, Ibrahim
Kiani, Mohammad Ali
Ferns, Gordon A
Lam, Alfred King-yin
Hassanian, Seyed Mahdi
et al.
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2023
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Abstract

Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzyme has been shown to be expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) and its dysregulation is linked to tumor progression and a poor prognosis. Here we investigated the therapeutic potential of targeting CYP450 using lopinavir/ritonavir in CRC. The integrative systems biology method and RNAseq were utilized to investigate the differential levels of genes associated with patients with colorectal cancer. The antiproliferative activity of lopinavir/ritonavir was evaluated in both monolayer and 3-dimensional (3D) models, followed by wound-healing assays. The effectiveness of targeting CYP450 was examined in a mouse model, followed by histopathological analysis, biochemical tests (MDA, SOD, thiol, and CAT), and RT-PCR. The data of dysregulation expressed genes (DEG) revealed 1268 upregulated and 1074 down-regulated genes in CRC. Among the top-score genes and dysregulated pathways, CYPs were detected and associated with poor prognosis of patients with CRC. Inhibition of CYP450 reduced cell proliferation via modulating survivin, Chop, CYP13a, and induction of cell death, as detected by AnnexinV/PI staining. This agent suppressed the migratory behaviors of cells by induction of E-cadherin. Moreover, lopinavir/ritonavir suppressed tumor growth and fibrosis, which correlated with a reduction in SOD/thiol levels and increased MDA levels. Our findings illustrated the therapeutic potential of targeting the CYP450 using lopinavir/ritonavir in colorectal cancer, supporting future investigations on this novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of CRC.

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Cancers

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15

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15

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© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Oncology and carcinogenesis

Science & Technology

Life Sciences & Biomedicine

Oncology

lopinavir

ritonavir

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Alaei, M; Nazari, SE; Pourali, G; Asadnia, A; Moetamani-Ahmadi, M; Fiuji, H; Tanzadehpanah, H; Asgharzadeh, F; Babaei, F; Khojasteh-Leylakoohi, F; Saeed Gataa, I; Kiani, MA; Ferns, GA; Lam, AK-Y; Hassanian, SM; et al., Therapeutic Potential of Targeting the Cytochrome P450 Enzymes Using Lopinavir/Ritonavir in Colorectal Cancer: A Study in Monolayers, Spheroids and In Vivo Models, Cancers, 2023, 15 (15), pp. 3939

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