Summary: (a) State and Commonwealth laws concerning Indigenous cultural heritage and native title require reform and alignment to afford substantive rights to First Nations peoples to own and protect significant sites. The first step is to implement the recommendations of the Australian Law Reform Commission concerning native title over cultural knowledge and extend this to cultural heritage. (b) The law requires amendment to compensate Traditional Owners for damage to or destruction of culturally significant sites. (c) Australia needs a constitutionally enshrined Voice to Parliament to ensure that Parliament and government are appraised of the experiences and views of First Nations peoples, when enacting laws and policies.