The Iron Distribution and Magnetic Properties of Schistosome Eggshells: Implications for Improved Diagnostics
Files
File version
Author(s)
Gutierrez, Lucia
Lucyk-Maurer, Rafael
Kerr, Roland
Candido, Renata RF
Toh, Shu Q
Saunders, Martin
Shaw, Jeremy A
Suvorova, Alexandra
Hofmann, Andreas
House, Michael J
Woodward, Robert C
Graeff-Teixera, Carlos
St Pierre, Timothy G
Jones, Malcolm K
Griffith University Author(s)
Primary Supervisor
Other Supervisors
Editor(s)
Date
Size
5140889 bytes
File type(s)
application/pdf
Location
Abstract
Background: Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum are the most frequent causative agents of human intestinal schistosomiasis. Approximately 200 million people in the world are infected with schistosomes. Diagnosis of schistosomiasis is often difficult. High percentages of low level infections are missed in routine fecal smear analysis and current diagnostic methodologies are inadequate to monitor the progress of parasite control, especially in areas with low transmission. Improved diagnostic methods are urgently needed to evaluate the success of elimination programs. Recently, a magnetic fractionation method for isolation of parasite eggs from feces was described, which uses magnetic microspheres to form parasite egg - magnetic microsphere conjugates. This approach enables screening of larger sample volumes and thus increased diagnostic sensitivity. The mechanism of formation of the conjugates remains unexplained and may either be related to specific surface characteristics of eggs and microspheres or to their magnetic properties. Methods/Principal Findings: Here, we investigated iron localization in parasite eggs, specifically in the eggshells. We determined the magnetic properties of the eggs, studied the motion of eggs and egg-microsphere conjugates in magnetic fields and determined species specific affinity of parasite eggs to magnetic microspheres. Our study shows that iron is predominantly localized in pores in the eggshell. Parasite eggs showed distinct paramagnetic behaviour but they did not move in a magnetic field. Magnetic microspheres spontaneously bound to parasite eggs without the presence of a magnetic field. S. japonicum eggs had a significantly higher affinity to bind microspheres than S. mansoni eggs. Conclusions/Significance: Our results suggest that the interaction of magnetic microspheres and parasite eggs is unlikely to be magnetic in origin. Instead, the filamentous surface of the eggshells may be important in facilitating the binding. Modification of microsphere surface properties may therefore be a way to optimize magnetic fractionation of parasite eggs.
Journal Title
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
Conference Title
Book Title
Edition
Volume
7
Issue
5
Thesis Type
Degree Program
School
Publisher link
Patent number
Funder(s)
Grant identifier(s)
Rights Statement
Rights Statement
© 2013 Karl et al. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CCAL. (http://www.plos.org/journals/license.html)
Item Access Status
Note
Access the data
Related item(s)
Subject
Biological sciences
Biomedical and clinical sciences
Medical parasitology