Maintenance and restoration of maxillary molars with loss of attachment into the furcation area always had been a challenging task. Removal of one or more roots may be a solution. In this paper the indications and contra-indications of this technique have been described. Moreover this article discusses important considerations about the surgical technique, the endodontic therapy and emphasis is given to the prosthetic restoration of root-resected maxillary molars. Finally the treatment dilemma including single-tooth implant placement in such cases has been discussed. Evaluation of every case can guide the clinician to propose the treatment that would provide the patient a longterm successes restoration.