Forest restoration and support for sustainable ecosystems in the Gandaki Basin, Nepal

No Thumbnail Available
File version
Author(s)
Rimal, Bhagawat
Rijal, Sushila
Stork, Nigel
Keshtkar, Hamidreza
Zhang, Lifu
Griffith University Author(s)
Primary Supervisor
Other Supervisors
Editor(s)
Date
2021
Size
File type(s)
Location
License
Abstract

Restoring degraded forest is essential if we are to reduce human pressure on natural ecosystems and their biodiversity. Forests were nationalized in 1957 in Nepal and as a consequence, forest cover declined from 45% in 1964 to just 29% in 1994. However, as its response, sectoral plans and policies, particularly introduction of community-based forest management programs since the 1980s and conservation activities resulted in large scale forest cover restoration. Here, we examined the forest cover change in the Gandaki River Basin (GRB), the catchment with the largest altitudinal variation (ranging from ± 93 to 8167 m) and environmental and ecological significance. To see how forests have changed since then, we analyzed snapshots of spatiotemporal, ecological and physiographic changes in forest cover, and forest type at decadal intervals from 1996 to 2016 using Landsat 5 and 8 satellite images. We observed an overall gain in forest cover of 207 km2, from 7571 km2 (34.4% of the total area) in 1996 to 7778 km2 (35.3%) in 2016. Of the 21 forest cover types identified, the greatest forest coverage during 2016 was of Schima-Castanopsis forest (25.9%) and hill sal forests (16.4%). In terms of physiographic zones, land below 500 m (Tarai) where most people live, witnessed gradual declines in forest cover, in contrast to large increases in forests above 500 m. Historical examination of forest cover at ecological and physiographic scales helps to identify the elevation-wise distribution of forest resources, vegetation composition, ecosystem characteristics, anthropogenic pressure upon vegetation, and hence the overall influence of LULC upon the environment. These outputs will assist planners, policy makers, and researchers in their formulation of effective basin wide plans and policies to ensure the protection of basin level biodiversity and ecosystem function.

Journal Title

Environ Monit Assess

Conference Title
Book Title
Edition
Volume

193

Issue

9

Thesis Type
Degree Program
School
Publisher link
Patent number
Funder(s)
Grant identifier(s)
Rights Statement
Rights Statement
Item Access Status
Note
Access the data
Related item(s)
Subject

Forestry sciences

Forest cover change

Forest management and restoration

Gandaki River Basin

Nepal

Physiography

Persistent link to this record
Citation

Rimal, B; Rijal, S; Stork, N; Keshtkar, H; Zhang, L, Forest restoration and support for sustainable ecosystems in the Gandaki Basin, Nepal, Environ Monit Assess, 2021, 193 (9), pp. 563

Collections