N-Acetylneuraminate lyase synthase (NeuB; E.C. 2.5.1.56) is a key enzyme in pathogenicmicroorganisms for producing Nacetylneuraminic acid through the irreversible condensation of N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc) and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). However, nothing is known about this enzyme in non-pathogenic bacteria. This paper describes, for the first time, one of the two putative N-acetylneuraminate synthases from the halophilic non-pathogenic gamma-proteobacterium Idiomarina loihiensis NeuB1 (IlNeuB1). The obtained 95-kDa dimeric enzyme showed maximal activity at pH 7.0 and 40ࠃ and was more stable at pH 8.0 (8 h half-life) than the previously described NeuB. Its catalytic efficiency towards ManNAc and PEP was 10- and 40-fold higher, respectively, than that determined for Campylobacter jejuni NeuB, but only half that found for Neisseria meningitidis NeuB towards PEP. The phylogenetic and structural analyses of NeuB enzymes revealed the new domain architecture 4 has no cystathionine-!-synthase domain (cystathionine-!-synthetase domain), unlike domain architecture 3. In addition, 10 conserved blocks (I-X) were found, and surprisingly, this study showed that the arginine essential for catalysis that is present in antifreeze-like domain (block X) was not fully conserved in NeuB, but is replaced by a serine in a long sequence (>700 residues)