Non-communicable Diseases (NCDs) have greatly impacted global health, economies, and social development. In 2018, the NCD death toll increased from 35 million in 2008 to 41 million, accounting for 71% of global deaths. NCDs share one etiology: obesity, mainly caused by excessive energy intake, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). Evidence indicated that SSBs can trigger severe NCDs such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers. SSB consumption in low- and middle-income countries, particularly China, has increased dramatically. SSB sales skyrocketed from 43.3 litres per capita in 2000 to 65.3 litres per capita in 2014. Increased SSB consumption in China is attributed to various issues, e.g., increasing investment in SSB production, their low price, convenient access, effective advertisements, and is associated with individual's socioeconomic background and families' lifestyles. Children consume the highest amount of SSBs, and are more vulnerable than adults to factors associated with SSB consumption. Therefore, SSB consumption, especially in children, should be singled out as a high dietary health risk, and SSB reduction is urgently needed to protect children's health. School has been considered an important setting for primary prevention and health education, including for shaping behaviour and habits towards healthy lifestyles, and thus an ideal setting for promoting and protecting children's health. Governments around the world have increasingly developed nutritional policies, guidelines and school-based strategies for reducing SSBs, which have been successfully implemented in countries like the United States and Australia. In China, school-based strategies have been implemented to solve health issues such as parasitic helminth infections, tobacco use and undernutrition, but few targeting on SSB consumption. Based on the above concerns, this research, conducted between 2018-2022, aimed to investigate potential school-based health strategies for SSB reduction among children in China. To achieve this aim, this study applied a comprehensive community needs assessment framework to identify various SSB consumption determinants and issues relating to the students, the school setting, the wider school environment, relevant stakeholders, and current policy gaps. To understand in-depth issues grounded in the realities of school settings, this study also conducted case studies in four primary schools, one each selected from the northern urban and rural, and the southern urban and rural areas of China.