RETRACTED ARTICLE: iNOS is associated with tumorigenicity as an independent prognosticator in human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
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Jiang, Jinqiong
Huang, Linsheng
Jiang, Yu
Yu, Nanhui
Liu, Xiehong
Lv, Yuan
Li, Hao
Zou, Lianhong
Peng, Chuang
Yu, Xing
Jiang, Bo
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Abstract
Background: Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) has supposed to implicate in inflammation, infection, liver cirrhosis, and neoplastic diseases. This study was designed to explore the biological and clinical function of iNOS in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Methods: RT-PCR (Real-time quantitative PCR) and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze the expression of iNOS in ICC and adjacent tissues. CCK8, transwell assays, flow cytometry were conducted to detect the proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle. Western blotting was performed to detect the expression of target proteins. Multivariate analyses were conducted to analysis associates between clinicopathological values and survival. Results: We found that levels of iNOS mRNA and protein were dramatically increased in ICC samples and positively correlated with complicated bile duct stone, differentiation, pathology T, pathology M, Wip1, MMP-2, and MMP-9. iNOS expression was significantly correlated with the poor survival of ICC patients. Furthermore, iNOS was high expression in ICC cell lines (QBC-939, ICC-9810, SSP-25) compare with human normal biliary epithelium cell line (HIBEpic); both iNOS knockdown and iNOS inhibitor (1400 W) suppressed cell proliferation, invasion, and migration though nitric oxide production in ICC cells. Down-regulation of iNOS also induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and ICC cell apoptosis. Moreover, iNOS knockdown treatment significantly decreased Wip1, MMP-9, and MMP-2 gene expression. Conclusion: Lowly expressed iNOS-inhibited proliferation yet promoted apoptosis of ICC cells. Our data show targeted inhibition of iNOS in ICC may have therapeutic value.
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Cancer Management and Research
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11
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© 2019 Liu et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution - Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License. By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms.
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This paper has been retracted.
Liu S, Jiang J, Huang L, et al. Cancer Manag Res. 2019;11:8005–8022.
We, the Editors and Publisher of Cancer Management and Research, have retracted the published article. Concerns were raised following the authors request to correct Figure 4. It was found images in Figure 4 had been duplicated. Specifically,
The images for Figure 4C, 0h, 0 µmol/l and 25 µmol/l, have been duplicated.
When approached for an explanation, the authors were cooperative and provided some original data for their study, however, the provided data was not satisfactory, and the results could not be adequately verified. As verifying the validity of the published work is core to the integrity of the scholarly record, we are therefore retracting the article and the authors do not agree with this decision.
We have been informed in our decision-making by our editorial policies and the COPE guidelines.
The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as “Retracted”.
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Liu, S; Jiang, J; Huang, L; Jiang, Y; Yu, N; Liu, X; Lv, Y; Li, H; Zou, L; Peng, C; Yu, X; Jiang, B, iNOS is associated with tumorigenicity as an independent prognosticator in human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, Cancer Management and Research, 2019, 11, pp. 8005-8022