Project relevance: During construction, when loads are applied to soil mass, the soft alluvial clay will likely undergo deformations. Large deformations would undermine the stability of soil mass and may pose threats to engineering structures built on this soil. To estimate the amount of deformation, we should first determine the stresses that would act in the soil mass before and after construction. This chapter will introduce different types of stresses that exist in soil and discuss techniques to calculate them.