Validity of the Apple Watch® for monitoring push counts in people using manual wheelchairs
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Boughey, AM
Tweedy, SM
Clanchy, KM
Trost, SG
Gomersall, SR
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Abstract
Objective: A recent Apple Watch ® activity-monitoring innovation permits manual wheelchair users to monitor daily push counts. This study evaluated the validity of the Apple Watch ® push count estimate. Design: Criterion validity. Setting: Southern Finland and Southeast Queensland, Australia. Participants: Twenty-six manual wheelchair users from Finland and Australia were filmed completing a standardized battery of activities while wearing the Apple Watch ® (dominant wrist). Outcome Measures: Wheelchair pushes as determined by the Apple Watch ® were compared to directly observed pushes. Results: Agreement between Apple Watch ® push counts and directly observed pushes was evaluated using Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), Pearson correlations and Bland-Altman analyses. Apple Watch ® pushes and directly observed push counts were strongly correlated (ICC = 0.77, P < 0.01) (r = 0.84, P < 0.01). Bland Altman plots indicated that the Apple Watch ® underestimated push counts (M = −103; 95% ULoA = 217; LLoA = −423 pushes). Mean absolute percentage error was 13.5% which is comparable to studies evaluating agreement between pedometer-based step counts and directly observed steps. Conclusion: Apple Watch ® push-count estimates are acceptable for personal, self-monitoring purposes and for research entailing group-level analyses, but less acceptable where accurate push-count measures for an individual is required.
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Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine
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Clinical sciences
Sports science and exercise