Consequences for Australia's agricultural policy settings for intellectual property arrangements over plant genetic resources for food and agriculture under the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (PGRFA) Treaty and the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) - conflict between accessing plant genetic resources for food and agriculture for crop and plant improvement and meeting policy objectives of intellectual property laws - in domestic Australian laws international arrangements are reflected in patents under the Patents Act and plant breeder's rights (PBR) under the Plant Breeder's Rights Act - Australia's best interests will probably be served in achieving a successful PGRFA Treaty and reconsidering its stance in negotiating and implementation of the PGRFA Treaty to ensure access to key plant genetic resources.