Rechargeable lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are playing a dominant role in powering enormous numbers of portable electronic products and modernizing our everyday life. In the past decade, intense investment, research and development have been devoted to improving the major components of LIBs such as active materials, separators and electrolytes to further the application of LIBs for high energy consumption devices. The currently available LIBs however, cannot meet all requirements primarily because of low electronic/ion conductivity of electrodes. Furthermore, cost, safety, and environmental issues continue to impede further development of LIBs. In particular, the traditional electrode fabrication process commonly involves the consumption of toxic organic solvents such us NMP. To address all these issues, this thesis attempts to develop green electrode fabrication technologies for low cost and high performance LIBs by selection and modification of low cost and sustainable natural binders and removing the adoption of the toxic organic solvents. To convert the traditional LIB electrode production process from an organic solvent-based process into a green and water-based production technology, the water-soluble polymer Eastman AQTM 55S (EAQ) was chosen as a binder for graphite anodes in LIBs.