The effects of indoor environmental quality (IEQ) on occupant cognitive functions have been increasingly studied in recent years. The purpose of this review is to present and summarize the multi-dimensional links between the IEQ and cognitive functions. This study gathers published data and findings from 65 papers encompassing areas of both indoor environments and cognition. We consider IEQ factors as indoor air quality, thermal environment, noise, light, and non-light visual factors, while cognitive functions consist of attention, memory, perception, language function, and higher order cognitive function. Overall, this review suggests that IEQ influences cognitive function to various extents. Memory is affected by the noise the most compared to other cognitions such as attention and higher order cognitive skills. Lighting has a significant effect on perception and language function performance while weaker association with higher order cognitive skills. The study also conducts keyword co-occurrence network analysis to uncover meaningful knowledge components of IEQ and cognition based on 3,684 studies.