This chapter provides an overview of the evolving and pluralistic nature of the environment in occupational therapy. A historical perspective is used to examine the profession’s changing understanding of the environment. A range of theories and models influencing the profession’s conceptualizations is presented, including person-environment fit; ecological theories; the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health; social determinants and determination of health; rights-based approaches; community and territory; and Indigenous knowledge. The chapter concludes by examining how occupational therapy models view the environment from a transactive, interactional, or non-Western viewpoint. Overall, the chapter points to the significance of taking a contextually based approach to practice.