Probing Disaccharide Binding to Triplatin as Models for Tumor Cell Heparan Sulfate (GAG) Interactions

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Gorle, Anil K
Malde, Alpeshkumar K
Chang, Chih-Wei
Rajaratnam, Premraj
von Itzstein, Mark
Berners-Price, Susan J
Farrell, Nicholas P
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2023
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Abstract

In this study, we have used [1H, 15N] NMR spectroscopy to investigate the interactions of the trinuclear platinum anticancer drug triplatin (1) (1,0,1/t,t,t or BBR3464) with site-specific sulfated and carboxylated disaccharides. Specifically, the disaccharides GlcNS(6S)-GlcA (I) and GlcNS(6S)-IdoA(2S) (II) are useful models of longer-chain glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) such as heparan sulfate (HS). For both the reactions of 15N-1 with I and II, equilibrium conditions were achieved more slowly (65 h) compared to the reaction with the monosaccharide GlcNS(6S) (9 h). The data suggest both carboxylate and sulfate binding of disaccharide I to the Pt with the sulfato species accounting for <1% of the total species at equilibrium. The rate constant for sulfate displacement of the aqua ligand (kL2) is 4 times higher than the analogous rate constant for carboxylate displacement (kL1). There are marked differences in the equilibrium concentrations of the chlorido, aqua, and carboxy-bound species for reactions with the two disaccharides, notably a significantly higher concentration of carboxylate-bound species for II, where sulfate-bound species were barely detectable. The trend mirrors that reported for the corresponding dinuclear platinum complex 1,1/t,t, where the rate constant for sulfate displacement of the aqua ligand was 3 times higher than that for acetate. Also similar to what we observed for the reactions of 1,1/t,t with the simple anions, aquation of the sulfato group is rapid, and the rate constant k-L2 is 3 orders of magnitude higher than that for displacement of the carboxylate (k-L1). Molecular dynamics calculations suggest that extra hydrogen-bonding interactions with the more sulfated disaccharide II may prevent or diminish sulfate binding of the triplatin moiety. The overall results suggest that Pt-O donor interactions should be considered in any full description of platinum complex cellular chemistry.

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Inorganic Chemistry

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62

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33

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Inorganic chemistry

Macromolecular and materials chemistry

Science & Technology

Physical Sciences

Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear

Chemistry

GROMOS FORCE-FIELD

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Gorle, AK; Malde, AK; Chang, C-W; Rajaratnam, P; von Itzstein, M; Berners-Price, SJ; Farrell, NP, Probing Disaccharide Binding to Triplatin as Models for Tumor Cell Heparan Sulfate (GAG) Interactions, Inorganic Chemistry, 2023, 62 (33), pp. 13212-13220

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