This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book provides a reliable and convenient source of information for policymakers, academics and students. This will allow readers to make informed choices when making decisions regarding the wellbeing of Indigenous populations. The book examines non-government organizations such as the World Health Organization, the World Bank and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development to gain a global perspective of factors that are relevant to the development of stronger and more effective international policy aimed at improving the lives of Indigenous communities. It discusses the United Nations (UN) Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues to achieve its objective of providing expert advice and recommendations on Indigenous issues to the UN Economic and Social Council, as well as to programmes, funds and agencies of the UN.