Unveiling the governing role of ‘remodeling triangle area’ in soft-hard tissue interface equilibrium for metal implants advancement

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Chen, S
Gao, G
Shi, J
Li, N
Xie, L
Zhang, Y
Shan, Z
Xie, J
Xiao, Y
Chen, Z
Chen, Z
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2024
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Abstract

Metal implants holds significant promise for diverse fixed prostheses. However, their long-term reliability and broader application are hindered by challenges related to the disequilibrium at the soft-hard tissue interface. By using anti-inflammatory (PDA/IL4) and pro-inflammatory (PDA/LPS/IFNγ) coatings to modulate distinct immune characteristics, we discovered a dynamic bioactive structure at the soft-hard tissue interface around metal implant, which we have named the 'Remodeling Triangle Area' (RTA). We further demonstrate that the RTA can be influenced by the PDA/IL4 coating to favor a phenotype that enhances both innate and adaptive immunity. This leads to stronger epithelial adhesion, the formation of dense connective tissue via IGF1 secretion, and a more balanced soft-hard tissue interface through the OPG/RANKL axis. Conversely, the PDA/LPS/IFNγ coating shifts the RTA towards a phenotype that activates the innate immune response. This results in a less cohesive tissue structure and bone resorption, characterized by reduced IGF1 secretion and an imbalanced OPG/RANKL axis. Over all, our study introduces the novel concept termed the 'Remodeling Triangle Area' (RTA), an immune-rich anatomical region located at the nexus of the implant interface, epithelial, connective, and bone tissue, which becomes highly interactive post-implantation to modulate the soft-hard tissue interface equilibrium. We believe that an RTA-centric, immunomodulatory approach has the potential to revolutionize the design of next-generation metal implants, providing unparalleled soft-hard tissue interface equilibrium properties.

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Materials Today Bio

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28

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© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Nanobiotechnology

Macromolecular and materials chemistry

Biomedical engineering

Materials engineering

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Chen, S; Gao, G; Shi, J; Li, N; Xie, L; Zhang, Y; Shan, Z; Xie, J; Xiao, Y; Chen, Z; Chen, Z, Unveiling the governing role of ‘remodeling triangle area’ in soft-hard tissue interface equilibrium for metal implants advancement, Materials Today Bio, 2024, 28, pp. 101170

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