In this article, I name and describe the field of institutional justice, which comprises all forms of child institutional abuse and neglect, related historical/policy wrongs, and responses to them. I argue that institutional justice requires its own theoretical framework, one not part of the empire of transitional justice (McAuliffe, 2011) and one true to its subject and capable of building a body of theorized empirical research. I present and discuss my theoretical framework, which draws from Derrida’s (1992) conception of justice; research on transitional, historical, and institutional justice; and my international project on institutional justice. The framework’s elements are justice as “a promise,” victims’ struggles and aspirations for justice (for recognition, truth, accountability, and redress), and the limits and unsettled qualities of justice.