Evidence-Based Training (EBT) arose from the need to develop a new paradigm for competency-based training and assessment of airline pilots, based on evidence. The aim of an Airline EBT program is to identify, develop and evaluate the key competencies required by pilots to operate safely, effectively and efficiently in a commercial air transport environment, by managing the most relevant threats and errors, based on evidence collected in operations and training. Over the last twenty years, the availability of data covering both flight operations and training activity has improved substantially. The availability of such data has both established the need for the EBT effort and supported the definition of the resulting training concept and curriculum. The Evidence-Based Training Implementation Guide is a significant milestone in modernising pilot training.