摘 要：水库大坝等水利工程的兴建和运行改变了天然的河流水文情势，在一定程度上造成了河流生态系统功能和物种多样性的减小。生态基流的提出正是为了缓解由水利工程造成的水文情势改变，维系河流生态系统的健康。本文在已有研究成果的基础上，以生态基流的基本理论为出发点，归纳总结了生态基流的概念和内涵，系统梳理了生态基流的计算方法及优缺点，结合实例研究，全面回顾了生态基流发展过程中面临的主要挑战，并对生态基流未来的发展趋势进行了展望。

Abstract: Human activities through the building and operation of dams and reservoirs have significantly altered the natural hydrological regime, leading to impairment of river ecosystem function and biodiversity. The concept of ecological baseflow emerged to mitigate the impact of dams and reservoirs on the hydrological processes. Based on previous studies, the fundamental concept of ecological baseflow was reviewed. The principles of ecological baseflow, as well as previously and currently used estimation methods were summarized. Challenges and possible tendency in the estimation of ecological baseflow were also presented.