Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subgroup of tumour cells with tumorigenic potential due to their ability to transform into tumours through self-renewal mechanisms. Cancer stem cells possess intrinsic characteristics observed in most cells and have the propensity to differentiate into different cell types. Currently, CSCs have been identified in most malignancies including haematological malignancies via the expression of specific surface markers. They are important contributors of disease progression, drug resistance, lethality, recurrence, and metastasis. CSCs are therefore emerging markers of potential therapeutic targets in several cancers. In this chapter, we summarise the various surface markers that have been identified in haematological malignancies. These markers may provide a basis for development of targeted and personalised therapy for patients with haematological malignancies with a focus on patient prognosis and cancer recurrence.