Background: Incidence of lymphedema appears to be higher in women with vulvar/vaginal cancer than in those with other forms of gynecological cancer. The objective of this work was to determine the point prevalence and incidence of lymphedema in women with vulvar/vaginal cancer and to describe symptom burden and quality of life (QOL). Methods: Prospective longitudinal cohort study conducted in Brisbane, Australia, including adult women with newly diagnosed vulvar/vaginal cancer. The primary outcome was selfreported swelling of the legs, vulvar area, or pelvis/abdomen or a clinical diagnosis of lymphedema. Severity of associated symptoms and QOL (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General) were also reported. Assessments were conducted over 2 years. Results: All participants (vulvar: n = 20; vaginal: n = 2; mean [SD] age = 57 [12] years) received surgical treatment, and 8 (36%) also received adjuvant therapy. By 24 months postdiagnosis, only 2 (9%) women had no evidence of lymphedema; all others self-reported swelling (n = 10; 45%), had a clinical diagnosis (n = 1; 5%), or both (n = 9; 41%). Three or more symptoms of moderate or greater intensity were reported by 7 (44%) women at 2 years. The presence of lower limb symptoms (including mild intensity) was associated with reduced QOL (any symptom: QOL estimate = -13.29; 95% CI, -19.30 to -7.27; P < .001). Limitations: Small sample size limits interpretation of findings. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that the majority of women receiving treatment of vulvar/vaginal cancer experience lymphedema and symptoms of swelling are associated with lower QOL. Monitoring of swelling via patient self-report may identify women at risk of low QOL outcomes after treatment of vulvar/vaginal cancer.