Problem solving lies at the heart of mathematics. A need to solve a problem can motivate students to acquire new ways of thinking and come to terms with concepts and processes. Students who can analyse problem meanings, explore means to a solution and carry out a plan to solve mathematical problems have acquired deeper and more useful knowledge than simply being able to complete calculations, name shapes, use formulas to make measurements or determine measures of chance and data. It is critical that mathematics teaching focus on enabling all students to become both able and willing to engage with and solve mathematical problems.