When several ACS Central Science Editors met for dinner at the 2015 Pacifichem meeting, conversation turned to the grand challenges facing science and society, and those we felt chemistry was in a unique position to solve. With the New Year, we thought we would share our ideas in our first editorial of 2016. The arenas in which we see chemistry having the largest influence are the molecular bases of disease and aging, alternative energy advancement, and the conservation of our elemental resources.