This paper develops a methodological framework for building a better understanding of supply chain complexity. The framework incorporates product design and product demand characteristics that underpin the level of supply chain complexity, which is constructed as a multi-dimensional concept to include configuration, collaboration and coordination. A set of constructs and their measurement items are defined and their relationships are conceptually mapped to illustrate the linkages that define the levels of supply chain complexity. Testable hypotheses for validation of the framework are also suggested. We propose that this conceptual framework, by considering simultaneous impacts of product design and product demand characteristics on supply chain, will develop a foundation for simplifying their complex interrelationships and interdependency and assist in the alignment of product design and product demand with supply chain to better manage uncertainty and risk in our increasingly volatile world.