Background Improved breast cancer treatment has lengthened survival but also has long-term impacts. Lymphedema and peripheral neuropathy are treatment-related sequelae that extend into survivorship. Co-occurrence of these conditions may further impair functional well-being. Few studies have estimated the burden of these conditions among diverse survivors.

Methods Carolina Breast Cancer Study Phase 3 enrolled survivors diagnosed between 2008 and 2013 in North Carolina. Black and younger women (aged <50 years at diagnosis) were oversampled. With the use of ≥10 years of follow-up data, the prevalence of persistent lymphedema, peripheral neuropathy, and their co-occurrence was assessed. Prevalence differences (PDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were assessed according to patient and disease characteristics.

Results A total of 1688 survivors were included, with an average of 11.1 years (SD, 0.6) postdiagnosis. The prevalence of persistent lymphedema, peripheral neuropathy, and their co-occurrence was 18.7%, 27.7%, and 8.8%, respectively. Lymphedema was higher among those receiving a mastectomy and with >5 lymph nodes removed, and peripheral neuropathy was higher among women treated with taxane-based chemotherapy. Co-occurrence was higher among women with >5 lymph nodes removed (vs. <5; PD, 5.4; 95% CI, 2.1 to 8.8) and those treated with taxane-based chemotherapy (vs. no chemotherapy; PD, 6.8; 95% CI, 3.9 to 9.7). The burden of lymphedema (PD, 2.7; 95% CI, 0.9 to 6.3) and peripheral neuropathy (PD, 5.8; 95% CI, 1.7 to 9.9) was higher among Black than White women. The prevalence of lymphedema (PD, 1.8; 95% CI, −1.5 to 5.1) and peripheral neuropathy (PD, 4.6; 95% CI, 0.8 to 8.4) was elevated among younger compared to older women.

Conclusions Lymphedema and peripheral neuropathy affect a substantial proportion of survivors. Interventions are needed to reduce this burden.