Antigenic structural analysis of bat and human norovirus protruding (P) domains

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Holroyd, Dayna L
Kumar, Akhil
Vasquez, Eduardo
Masic, Veronika
von Itzstein, Mark
Bruning, John B
Hansman, Grant S
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Schultz-Cherry, Stacey

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2025
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Abstract

Noroviruses are highly contagious, infecting both humans and animals. At least 10 genogroups exist (GI–GX), which are further divided into genotypes with the GII genotypes causing most outbreaks (1). The human norovirus capsid protruding (P) domain binds histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) co-factors for infection (2, 3), and a recently discovered bat norovirus (GX) was also found to interact with HBGAs (4). The genetic variability of the capsid gene is coupled with antigenic diversity and associated with escape from herd immunity, emergence of antigenic variants, and possible changes in host tropism (4–13). In this study, we determined the P domain structures of four human noroviruses and one bat norovirus using X-ray crystallography to examine structural features linked to potential interspecies transmission.

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Journal of Virology

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99

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4

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© 2025 Holroyd et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.

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Agricultural, veterinary and food sciences

Biological sciences

Biomedical and clinical sciences

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Holroyd, DL; Kumar, A; Vasquez, E; Masic, V; von Itzstein, M; Bruning, JB; Hansman, GS, Antigenic structural analysis of bat and human norovirus protruding (P) domains, Journal of Virology, 2025, 99 (4), pp. e01971-24

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