Maize is a major consumable cereal crop and a resource of a range of economic products worldwide. Approximately, 55%, 20%, and 12% of maize are utilized for feed, nonfood products, and food purposes, respectively. Consumption of maize is expected to increase in many Asian and African countries, where yield is estimated to be double by 2030. Biotechnology contributes largely to the maize improvement to meet the growing demand. Molecular marker technologies have facilitated rapid improvements in maize breeding by characterizing germplasm, verifying pedigree records, classifying inbred on the basis of heterosis, figuring out what causes heterosis and how to predict it, finding and localizing genes, and using marker-assisted selection. The advent of sequencing and genomic technologies, bioengineering techniques such as genetic transformation and CRISPR-Cas genome editing, and the establishment of advanced molecular breeding methodologies using genomic information have a large influence on maize breeding. The advancement of informatics and biotechnology has led to the development of several bioinformatic tools that are extensively been utilized by maize researchers for successful molecular breeding. Furthermore, modern biotechnology offers a revolutionary platform like nanobiotechnology for increasing maize genetic gain by delivering a specific gene or QTL (quantitative trait locus) to develop plants having novel traits. This chapter provides an overview and discusses current biotechnological advancement in maize research that may bring potential opportunities for the improvement of this crop in the changing climate.