A child born today may well live to the end of the century. For these children, the world presents a range of opportunities and challenges for music-making with increasing access to a variety of musical heritages through enhanced travel and the distribution of audio-visual materials over the Internet. The efforts of science continue to expand what we know about the physics of sound, the operation of the musical mind, how to monitor our expressive bodily gestures and physiological responses. Digital technologies allow us to amplify our musicality through new mobile devices and apps, and social networking technologies enable fluid communication about music and how it relates to our life and culture. Some of these trends have only become apparent in recent decades, and there will certainly be more change ahead for today’s young musician.