Surveillance and reporting of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and antibiotic usage (AU) is a global health priority. Whilst the direct use of antimicrobial agents in human health is recognised as a major contributor to antimicrobial resistance in human pathogens, there are circumstances where antimicrobials used in both food-producing and companion animals are key contributing factors. Therefore, at the core of effective surveillance systems is the integration of human, animal and agriculture programs within a One Health framework. This report was commissioned by the Australian Government Department of Agriculture to support national AMR prevention and containment efforts. It presents an analysis of, and recommendations about, surveillance and reporting of antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic usage in animals and agriculture in Australia. The report: • Presents an analysis of international antimicrobial resistance surveillance and usage monitoring in the animal/agriculture sector; • Reviews recent antimicrobial resistance surveys and usage monitoring in the animal/agriculture sector in Australia; • Explores options for the establishment of a nationally coordinated approach to resistance surveillance and usage monitoring and in the animal/agriculture sector appropriate for the Australian context; • Explores how potential solutions accord with World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) Standards; • Investigates the enablers and barriers associated with potential solutions.