The transnational rhino horn trade between South Africa and Vietnam has caused a frenzy of rhino poaching in South Africa, where most of the world’s rhino population resides. Organised criminal networks involving Vietnamese nationals operating in and between the two countries are key offenders. This chapter explores the Vietnamese wildlife trafficking gangs based in Africa recorded in Vietnamese digital newspapers as a serious transnational organised crime. As a triangulated qualitative collection data, we use a mixed sample framing analysis of 1) reporting on the rhino horn trade in four Vietnamese digital newspapers from 2016 to 2020 and other information resources, 2) observation participation (through investigative journalism activities of the first author), and 3) focus-group discussion (through chairing and discussing among policymakers, practitioners, and academic by the second author). Our findings highlight some main challenges to law enforcement agencies (LEA). One is Vietnamese operatives in Africa who arrange for Vietnamese couriers to transport rhino horn for a small fee, leading to their fluidity and unpredictable movements compared to LEA’s monitors. Two, the couriers are sometimes described as migrant workers, exploited by a Vietnamese handler, identified only by their first name, on the African side leading to difficulties in verifying their identities. While some evidence demonstrates the nexus of criminal motivations (why the couriers agree to carry rhino horns) and personal needs (debts or wish to visit family in Vietnam), their ‘real’ bosses are still at large, creating barriers for further investigations. We argue that in an increasingly transnational public sphere (Fraser 2007), analysing Vietnamese digital news reports and primary documents sourced by journalists in Vietnam such as publicly available police reports or court transcripts may help better understand the modus operandi of Vietnamese organised crime groups based in Africa; however, policing activities will continue to utilise mutual legal assistance. Implications for further research includes the cross referencing of news in South Africa and Vietnam to better understand Vietnamese transnational crime groups based in Africa and framing analysis of rhino horn trade news stories in Vietnam to better understand public deliberation on international cooperation and its relationship with MLA.