In recent years, there has been an increase in the numbers of children and young people who are seeking asylum alone in ‘the West’, without the support of a parent or guardian. A growing body of research has found that unaccompanied asylum-seeking minors (UAMs) experience higher rates post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and anxiety, as well as associated behavioural problems, compared to children who seek asylum with their parents. However, there is increasing recognition among scholars that whilst UAMs may be vulnerable, they are also resilient and capable agents in their lives. Literature focusing on UAM resilience has largely conceptualised resilience as an individual capacity to do well despite exposure to significant adversity. This thesis is the first study, to my knowledge, to approach the study of UAM resilience from a social-ecological theoretical perspective, whereby in contexts of adversity, resilience is both the capacity of individuals to navigate their way to health sustaining resources and a condition of the individual’s family, community, and culture to provide these health-promoting resources and experiences in culturally meaningful ways. To explore this, in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 former UAMs and 18 key informant service providers in Australia. Data were analysed using thematic analysis and four major themes were identified: Distal Decisions, Connection, Education and Identity. These themes were conceptualised as “domains” and the “Domains of Facilitated Resilience” model is proposed, which conceptualises how the complex and dynamic interactions between these four domains potentiate differential patterns in resource access, processes and outcomes that can both facilitate and undermine the ability of UAMs to ‘be resilient’. The best outcomes were achieved when the four domains are mutually facilitative and supportive, however punitive Distal Decisions (government legislation and policies) often limited the resilience-promoting potential of Connection, Education and Identity by restricting UAMs’ access to meaningful resources, permanent protection and family reunion. Implications and recommendations for resilience theory, legislation and policy, and service provision are proposed.