As part of a research program aimed at discovering new antimalarial leads from Australian macrofungi a unique fungi-derived prefractionated library was screened against a chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum line (3D7) using a radiometric growth inhibition assay. A library fraction derived from a Cortinarius species displayed promising antimalarial activity. UV-guided fractionation on the CH2Cl2/MeOH extract from this fungus resulted in the isolation of four known compounds: (1S,3R)-austrocortirubin (1), (1S,3S)-austrocortirubin (2), 1-deoxyaustrocortirubin (3), and austrocortinin (4). Compound 2 was used as a natural product scaffold in the parallel solution-phase synthesis of a small library of N-substituted tetrahydroanthraquinones (5-15). All compounds (1-15) were tested in vitro against P. falciparum 3D7 parasites and (1S,3S)-austrocortirubin (2), the major fungal constituent, was shown to be the most active compound with an IC50 of 1.9 卮 This compound displayed moderate cytotoxicity against neonatal foreskin fibroblast (NFF) cells with an IC50 of 15.6 卮