Disparate origins for endemic bird taxa from the 'Gondwana Rainforests' of Central Eastern Australia

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Mitchell, Kieren J
Hugall, Andrew F
Heiniger, Holly
Joseph, Leo
Oliver, Paul M
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2021
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Subtropical and temperate rainforests of Central Eastern Australia are some of the largest remaining fragments of their kind globally. The biota of these rainforests appears to comprise two broad biogeographical elements: a more ancient (Miocene or older) and typically upland temperate ('Gondwanan') element and a younger (Plio-Pleistocene) lowland tropical element. We present the first phylogenetic synthesis of the spatiotemporal origins for the eight bird taxa endemic to Central Eastern Australian Rainforests. At least five of these eight focal taxa show Plio-Pleistocene divergences from their respective northern sister taxa, consistent with origins driven by recent expansion and contraction of lowland rainforest. In contrast, two more strictly upland species, the rufous scrub-bird (Atrichornis rufescens) and the logrunner (Orthonyx temminckii), diverged from their nearest living relatives during the Miocene, suggesting potentially longer histories of persistence and more temperate origins. Finally, we did not recover reciprocal monophyly in mitogenomes from the two extant lyrebirds, Albert's lyrebird (Menura alberti) and the superb lyrebird (Menura novaehollandiae). The disparate divergence ages recovered among all eight taxa are consistent with the biota of the Central Eastern Australian Rainforests comprising isolates either of younger age and tropical lowland origins or of older age and temperate upland origins.

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Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

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134

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1

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© 2021 The Linnean Society of London. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Biological sciences

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Life Sciences & Biomedicine

Evolutionary Biology

biodiversity hotspot

Gondwana Rainforests

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Mitchell, KJ; Hugall, AF; Heiniger, H; Joseph, L; Oliver, PM, Disparate origins for endemic bird taxa from the 'Gondwana Rainforests' of Central Eastern Australia, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2021, 134 (1), pp. 40-56

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