Design and implementation of an illumination system to mimic skyglow at ecosystem level in a large-scale lake enclosure facility
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Schreck, Guenther
Kyba, Christopher CM
Berger, Stella A
Bistarelli, Lukas Thuile
Bodenlos, Matthias
Gessner, Mark O
Grossart, Hans-Peter
Kupprat, Franziska
Nejstgaard, Jens C
Pansch, Andreas
Penske, Armin
Sachtleben, Michael
Shatwell, Tom
Singer, Gabriel A
et al.
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Abstract
Light pollution is an environmental stressor of global extent that is growing exponentially in area and intensity. Artificial skyglow, a form of light pollution with large range, is hypothesized to have environmental impact at ecosystem level. However, testing the impact of skyglow at large scales and in a controlled fashion under in situ conditions has remained elusive so far. Here we present the first experimental setup to mimic skyglow at ecosystem level outdoors in an aquatic environment. Spatially diffuse and homogeneous surface illumination that is adjustable between 0.01 and 10 lx, resembling rural to urban skyglow levels, was achieved with white light-emitting diodes at a large-scale lake enclosure facility. The illumination system was enabled by optical modeling with Monte-Carlo raytracing and validated by measurements. Our method can be adapted to other outdoor and indoor skyglow experiments, urgently needed to understand the impact of skyglow on ecosystems.
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Scientific Reports
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11
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© The Author(s) 2021. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
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Ecology
Pollution and contamination
Science & Technology
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Science & Technology - Other Topics
NIGHT-SKY BRIGHTNESS
ARTIFICIAL-LIGHT
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Jechow, A; Schreck, G; Kyba, CCM; Berger, SA; Bistarelli, LT; Bodenlos, M; Gessner, MO; Grossart, H-P; Kupprat, F; Nejstgaard, JC; Pansch, A; Penske, A; Sachtleben, M; Shatwell, T; Singer, GA; et al., Design and implementation of an illumination system to mimic skyglow at ecosystem level in a large-scale lake enclosure facility, Scientific Reports, 2021, 11, pp. 23478