Objectives: To analyse the characteristics of work-related injury and diseases in Queensland, Australia. Methods: We conducted a literature review on data collection system in Queensland and also compared the difference in work-related injury and diseases between Queensland and mainland China. Results: In Queensland, reporting on work-related injury and diseases is based on the principle of "no fault" and "early reporting". A range of polices, such as Workers' Compensation and Rehabilitation Act 2003, Workers' compensation insurers' interface data specifications, and Insurer Reconciliation, have made clear about the responsibility of main body, content of the report, and specifications of quality. Department of Justice and Attorney-General, Work-Cover Queensland, and Q-COMP are responsible for accepting, identification, handle and treatment of the cases. Employees, employers, doctors and other related people can report any cases through internet, telephone, facsimile and mail. The content of reporting includes a total of 6 categories and 30 items. Q-COMP analyse all the data from the reporting system every month and then write a report to Department of Justice and Attorney-General, which will implement necessary interventions based on the report. Conclusions: In Queensland, the data collection system covers a wide range of work-related injury and diseases. There are a large number of main bodies and good channels for reporting cases. There is a smooth communication between departments. The decision feedback mechanism has also been established. The government departments can collect the good quality of data and make use of these data effectively. However, for diseases which have a long period of incubation, it may be easy to result in a failure in report.