Construction and demolition waste generated by construction activities in Hong Kong has increased in recent years. To tackle the problem, the Hong Kong Government introduced the Construction Waste Disposal Charging Scheme (CWDCS) in December 2005 to ensure that landfill construction waste disposal is properly priced to reduce construction waste. The charging scheme is not only intended to provide an economic incentive for contractors and developers to reduce waste but also to facilitate waste reusing and recycling, thereby to help slowing down the depletion of limited landfill capacity. This research aims to examine the effectiveness of the charging scheme after one year of implementation in particular 'polluter pays principle'. The study also identifies possible ways to fine-tone the scheme and to further improve its effectiveness.