Russia is one of the world’s largest fossil fuel producer-exporters and the fourth-largest global emitter of greenhouse gases. A laggard in climate policy commitments, it has been a reluctant participant in global climate negotiations. Despite Russia’s long tradition of climate research, policy action on climate change has faced opposition from a range of actors—including its own authoritarian regime—who have sought to obstruct or delay change on economic, political, and ideological grounds. The country’s current isolation since its invasion of Ukraine appears to offer new opportunities for climate obstruction. This chapter addresses the knowledge gap in the history of climate obstruction in Russia and offers a comprehensive analysis of the current key actors and institutions involved, including the fossil fuel corporations Rosneft and Gazprom; the powerful Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs; the Ministry for Energy and other bureaucrats; and government elites, starting with President Vladimir Putin.